Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor in the KTK_T Factorization Formulae

Based on the light-cone (LC) framework and the $k_T$ factorization formalism, the transverse momentum effects and the different helicity components' contributions to the pion form factor $F_{\pi}(Q^2)$ are recalculated. In particular, the contribution to the pion form factor from the higher helicity components ($\lambda_1+\lambda_2=\pm 1$), which come from the spin-space Wigner rotation, are analyzed in the soft and hard energy regions respectively. Our results show that the right power behavior of the hard contribution from the higher helicity components can only be obtained by fully keeping the $k_T$ dependence in the hard amplitude, and that the $k_T$ dependence in LC wavefunction affects the hard and soft contributions substantially. A model for the twist-3 wavefunction $\psi_p(x,\mathbf{k_\perp})$ of the pion has been constructed based on the moment calculation by applying the QCD sum rules, whose distribution amplitude has a better end-point behavior than that of the asymptotic one. With this model wavefunction, the twist-3 contributions including both the usual helicity components ($\lambda_1+\lambda_2=0$) and the higher helicity components ($\lambda_1+\lambda_2=\pm 1$) to the pion form factor have been studied within the modified pQCD approach. Our results show that the twist-3 contribution drops fast and it becomes less than the twist-2 contribution at $Q^2\sim 10GeV^2$. The higher helicity components in the twist-3 wavefunction will give an extra suppression to the pion form factor. When all the power contributions, which include higher order in $\alpha_s$, higher helicities, higher twists in DA and etc., have been taken into account, it is expected that the hard contributions will fit the present experimental data well at the energy region where pQCD is applicable.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Prepared for International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics, Beijing, China, 16-20 June 200

On the Unitarity Triangles of the CKM Matrix

The unitarity triangles of the $3\times 3$ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix are studied in a systematic way. We show that the phases of the nine CKM rephasing invariants are indeed the outer angles of the six unitarity triangles and measurable in the $CP$-violating decay modes of $B_{d}$ and $B_{s}$ mesons. An economical notation system is introduced for describing properties of the unitarity triangles. To test unitarity of the CKM matrix we present some approximate but useful relations among the sides and angles of the unitarity triangles, which can be confronted with the accessible experiments of quark mixing and $CP$ violation.Comment: 9 Latex pages; LMU-07/94 and PVAMU-HEP-94-5 (A few minor changes are made, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B